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fall risk assessment

by Rein Tideiksaar, PhD

Fall risk assessments can identify specific issues with each patient that hospitals and nursing homes can address to prevent falls.

Purpose of a fall risk assessment

  • Identify patient/resident problems (rational basis for deciding whether risk exists)
  • Identify those patients/residents most likely to fall
  • Trigger further fall-related assessments (multidisciplinary)
  • Identify interventions (guide patient/resident care planning)
  • Raise staff awareness of fall/injury risk.

Fall Risk Components

Components Fall Risk Factors
Diseases/Conditions
  • History of falls
  • Impaired vision/hearing
  • Urinary problems (toileting needs)
  • Muscle weakness
  • Gait/balance impairment
  • Dizziness
  • Orthostatic hypotension
  • Mobility impairment (impaired bed, chair and/or toilet transfers)
  • Uses cane/walker
Medications
  • Polypharmacy(>5 medications)
  • Psychotropics
  • Diuretics
  • Antihypertensives
  • Antiseizure
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Hypoglycemics
  • Sedative/hypnotics
Mental Status
  • Dementia
  • Depression
  • Delirium
  • Impaired 'safety' judgment
  • Disruptive behaviors
  • Non-English speaking
  • Exhibits unsafe behavior
  • Lacks understanding of mobility limitations
Situational Conditions
  • New admission
  • Floor-to-floor transfer
  • Post fall
  • Change of condition and/or starting fall risk medication

When to Conduct Fall Risk Assessments

A fall risk assessment should be obtained:

  • Upon admission
  • Post-fall
  • Upon change of health condition (including medication changes)
  • Daily/every shift (confused patients/residents; patients/residents taking sedatives, recent fall, etc.)

Most Commonly Used Fall Risk Assessment Tools

  • Morse Fall Scale
  • Hendrich II Fall Risk Model
  • St. Thomas Risk Assessment Tool (STRATIFY)
  • John Hopkins Hospital Fall Assessment Tool

Posted May 2010

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